Swivel castor 160 mm
The Alpha swivel castor features a medium rectangular plate fitting for secure mounting applications. The housing is constructed from heavy steel sheet and incorporates two ball races for the swivel bearing mechanism, ensuring smooth directional movement and enhanced durability. The wheel comprises a polypropylene body with a biosourced, injected, electric-conductive polyurethane tread, mounted on a plain bearing with synthetic spacer tube for reliable operation. With a wheel diameter of 160 mm, the castor has an overall height of 200 mm. Load capacity specifications include a dynamic rating of 135 kg at 4 km/h operating speed and a static load capacity of 270 kg, making it suitable for automotive OEM, catering carts, container construction, electronic systems, fire fighting technology, machine construction, logistics systems, production trolleys, roll cages, tool cabinets, transport equipment, waste disposal equipment, and work benches.
Swivel castor with total lock, head end of castor 160 mm
The Alpha is a swivel castor with total lock, head end of castor, featuring a medium rectangular plate fitting for secure mounting. The housing is constructed from steel sheet, heavy material and incorporates two ball races for the swivel bearing mechanism, ensuring smooth directional movement and reliable locking functionality. The wheel comprises a polypropylene body with polyurethane, biosourced, injected, electric-conductive tread material, mounted on a plain bearing with synthetic spacer tube for consistent performance. With a wheel diameter of 160 mm, the castor has an overall height of 200 mm. Load capacity specifications include a dynamic rating of 135 kg at 4 km/h operating speed and a static load capacity of 270 kg, making it suitable for demanding industrial applications including automotive OEM, catering carts, container construction, electronic systems, machine construction, and various transport equipment.
Swivel castor 200 mm
The Alpha swivel castor features a medium rectangular plate fitting for secure mounting applications. The housing is constructed from heavy steel sheet with two ball races providing smooth swivel bearing operation for enhanced manoeuvrability. The wheel incorporates a polypropylene body with polyurethane tread material that is biosourced, injected, and electric-conductive, mounted on a plain bearing with synthetic spacer tube for reliable rotation. The wheel diameter measures 200 mm with an overall height of 240 mm. Load capacity specifications include a dynamic rating of 205 kg at 4 km/h operating speed and a static load capacity of 410 kg. This castor is suitable for diverse applications including automotive OEM, catering carts and meal delivery systems, container construction, electronic systems and clean-room technology, fire fighting technology and fire protection, machine construction, post logistic systems, production and platform trolleys, roll cages, tool cabinets, transport equipment, waste disposal equipment, and work benches.
Swivel castor with total lock 125 mm
The Alpha swivel castor with total lock features a rectangular plate fitting and a housing made of heavy steel sheet. It has two ball races for the swivel bearing. The wheel body is made of sheet steel with a solid rubber tread in black that is electric-conductive. The wheel uses a roller bearing and has a diameter of 125 mm. The overall height of the castor is 155 mm. It has a load capacity of 100 kg at 4 km/h and a static load capacity of 200 kg.
Fixed castor 125 mm
The Alpha is a heavy duty castor with a rectangular plate fitting and a housing made of steel sheet. The wheel body is constructed of sheet steel with a solid rubber tread in black that is electric-conductive. The wheel uses a roller bearing and has a diameter of 125 mm. The overall height of the castor is 155 mm. It has a load capacity of 100 kg at 4 km/h and a static load capacity of 200 kg. The rectangular base plate allows for secure mounting while the durable steel construction and rubber tread provide strength and grip for smooth rolling under substantial loads. The electric-conductive rubber prevents static buildup. With its high load ratings, the Alpha provides reliable mobility for heavy equipment and machinery.
Swivel castor 100 mm
The Alpha swivel castor features a small rectangular plate fitting for secure mounting applications. The housing is constructed from heavy steel sheet and incorporates a two ball races swivel bearing system for smooth directional movement. The wheel comprises a sheet steel body with solid rubber, black, electric-conductive tread material and is equipped with roller bearing for reliable operation, measuring 100mm in diameter. The castor has an overall height of 128mm. Load specifications include a dynamic capacity of 70kg at speeds up to 4km/h and a static load capacity of 140kg. This versatile castor is suitable for automotive OEM, catering carts and meal delivery systems, container construction, electronic systems and clean-room technology, fire fighting technology and fire protection, machine construction, post logistic systems, production and platform trolleys, roll cages, tool cabinets, transport equipment, waste disposal equipment, and work benches.
Swivel castor 200 mm
The Alpha swivel castor features a medium rectangular plate fitting for secure mounting applications. The housing is constructed from heavy steel sheet and incorporates a two ball races swivel bearing system for smooth directional changes and enhanced durability. The wheel comprises a sheet steel body with solid rubber, black, electric-conductive tread material, mounted on a roller bearing for reliable operation. The wheel diameter measures 200 mm, whilst the overall height of the castor assembly is 240 mm. Load specifications include a dynamic capacity of 205 kg at speeds up to 4 km/h and a static load capacity of 410 kg, making it suitable for automotive OEM, catering carts and meal delivery systems, container construction, electronic systems and clean-room technology, fire fighting technology and fire protection, machine construction, post logistic systems, production and platform trolleys, roll cages, tool cabinets, transport equipment, waste disposal equipment, and work benches.
Swivel castor with total lock 100 mm
The Alpha swivel castor with total lock features a small rectangular plate fitting for secure mounting applications. The housing is constructed from heavy steel sheet and incorporates two ball races for the swivel bearing mechanism, ensuring smooth directional movement and reliable locking functionality. The wheel assembly comprises a sheet steel body fitted with solid rubber tread in black with electric-conductive properties, mounted on precision roller bearings for optimal performance and longevity. The wheel diameter measures 100mm with an overall height of 128mm. Load capacity specifications include a dynamic rating of 70kg at speeds up to 4km/h and a static load capacity of 140kg, making it suitable for automotive OEM applications, catering carts, container construction, electronic systems, fire fighting technology, machine construction, logistics systems, production trolleys, roll cages, tool cabinets, transport equipment, waste disposal systems, and work benches.
Fixed castor 100 mm
The Alpha fixed castor features a small rectangular plate fitting for secure mounting applications. The housing is constructed from heavy steel sheet material, providing robust durability for demanding industrial environments. The wheel incorporates a sheet steel body with solid rubber tread in black that offers electric-conductive properties, mounted on precision roller bearings for smooth operation. With a wheel diameter of 100 mm, the castor achieves an overall height of 128 mm. Load specifications include a dynamic capacity of 70 kg at speeds up to 4 km/h and a static load capacity of 140 kg. This versatile castor is suitable for automotive OEM applications, catering carts and meal delivery systems, container construction, electronic systems and clean-room technology, fire fighting technology and fire protection, machine construction, post logistic systems, production and platform trolleys, roll cages, tool cabinets, transport equipment, waste disposal equipment, and work benches.
Swivel castor 125 mm
The Alpha swivel castor features a small rectangular plate fitting for secure mounting applications. The housing is constructed from heavy steel sheet and incorporates a two ball races swivel bearing system for smooth directional movement. The wheel assembly comprises a sheet steel body with solid rubber, black, electric-conductive tread material and roller bearing for reliable operation. With a wheel diameter of 125 mm, the castor has an overall height of 155 mm. Load specifications include a dynamic capacity of 100 kg at speeds up to 4 km/h and a static load capacity of 200 kg, making it suitable for automotive OEM, catering carts and meal delivery systems, container construction, electronic systems and clean-room technology, fire fighting technology and fire protection, machine construction, post logistic systems, production and platform trolleys, roll cages, tool cabinets, transport equipment, waste disposal equipment, and work benches.
Swivel castor with total lock 125 mm
The Alpha swivel castor with total lock features a small rectangular plate fitting for secure mounting applications. The housing is constructed from heavy steel sheet and incorporates a robust two ball races swivel bearing system for smooth directional changes and reliable locking functionality. The wheel assembly comprises a sheet steel body fitted with solid rubber tread in black with electric-conductive properties, mounted on precision roller bearings for enhanced durability and reduced rolling resistance. The 125mm diameter wheel provides optimal manoeuvrability whilst maintaining structural integrity. With an overall height of 155mm, this castor offers compact installation whilst delivering substantial load handling capabilities. The dynamic load capacity reaches 100kg at speeds up to 4km/h, whilst the static load capacity extends to 200kg, making it suitable for demanding industrial applications including automotive OEM, catering carts, container construction, electronic systems, fire fighting technology, machine construction, logistics systems, production trolleys, roll cages, tool cabinets, transport equipment, waste disposal systems, and work benches.
Fixed castor 125 mm
The Alpha fixed castor features a small rectangular plate fitting for secure mounting applications. The housing is constructed from heavy steel sheet material, providing robust structural integrity for demanding industrial environments. The wheel incorporates a sheet steel body with solid rubber tread in black that offers electric-conductive properties, mounted on precision roller bearings for smooth operation and extended service life. The wheel diameter measures 125 mm with an overall height of 155 mm, ensuring optimal ground clearance and manoeuvrability. Load specifications include a dynamic capacity of 100 kg at speeds up to 4 km/h and a static load rating of 200 kg, making it suitable for automotive OEM applications, catering carts, container construction, electronic systems, fire fighting technology, machine construction, post logistics, production trolleys, roll cages, tool cabinets, transport equipment, waste disposal systems, and work benches.
Swivel castor with total lock 160 mm
The Alpha swivel castor with total lock features a medium rectangular plate fitting for secure mounting applications. The housing is constructed from heavy steel sheet and incorporates two ball races for the swivel bearing mechanism, ensuring smooth directional movement and reliable locking functionality. The wheel assembly comprises a sheet steel body fitted with solid rubber tread in black with electric-conductive properties, mounted on roller bearings for enhanced durability and reduced rolling resistance. The wheel diameter measures 160 mm, whilst the overall height of the complete assembly is 200 mm. Load capacity specifications include a dynamic rating of 135 kg at speeds up to 4 km/h and a static load capacity of 270 kg, making this castor suitable for demanding industrial applications including automotive OEM, catering systems, container construction, electronic systems, fire protection equipment, machine construction, logistics, production trolleys, and various transport equipment.
Fixed castor 160 mm
The Alpha fixed castor features a medium rectangular plate fitting for secure mounting applications. The housing is constructed from heavy steel sheet material, providing robust structural integrity for demanding industrial environments. The wheel incorporates a sheet steel body with solid rubber tread in black that offers electric-conductive properties, mounted on precision roller bearings for smooth operation and extended service life. The wheel diameter measures 160 mm with an overall height of 200 mm, making it suitable for medium-duty applications. Load specifications include a dynamic capacity of 135 kg at speeds up to 4 km/h and a static load capacity of 270 kg, ensuring reliable performance across diverse applications including automotive OEM, catering carts and meal delivery systems, container construction, electronic systems and clean-room technology, fire fighting technology, machine construction, post logistic systems, production and platform trolleys, roll cages, tool cabinets, transport equipment, waste disposal equipment, and work benches.
Integral twin
The Integral twin swivel castor features a solid stem, round fitting design, with hospital bed manufacturers required to seal the fitting area for washable bed applications. The housing is constructed from medium-grade steel sheet and incorporates precision ball bearing technology for the swivel mechanism, ensuring smooth rotational movement. The wheel assembly comprises a polyamide body fitted with injected polyurethane tread material that provides electric-conductive properties, supported by sealed precision ball bearings for reliable operation. The wheel measures 125 mm in diameter, whilst the overall castor height is 150 mm. Load specifications include dynamic capacity of 125 kg at speeds of 3 km/h and 125 kg at 4 km/h, with a static load capacity of 250 kg. The castor is washable according to AK-BWA standards, making it suitable for medical and hygiene-critical applications.
Integral twin
The Integral twin swivel castor features a solid stem, round fitting design, with hospital bed manufacturers required to seal the fitting area for washable bed applications. The housing is constructed from medium-grade steel sheet and incorporates precision ball bearing technology for the swivel mechanism, ensuring smooth directional changes and long-term durability. The wheel assembly comprises a polyamide body with injected polyurethane tread material that provides electric-conductive properties, mounted on sealed precision ball bearings for optimal performance. The wheel diameter measures 125 mm, whilst the overall castor height is 150 mm. Load specifications include a static capacity of 250 kg and dynamic capacity of 125 kg at speeds of 3-4 km/h. The unit is washable according to AK-BWA standards, making it suitable for medical and hygiene-critical applications where regular cleaning protocols are essential.
Integral twin
The Integral Twin is a swivel castor designed for demanding applications requiring precise mobility and durability. The fitting features a solid stem with round configuration, specifically engineered for secure mounting, though washable beds require proper sealing in the fitting area by the hospital bed manufacturer. The housing construction utilises medium-grade steel sheet material with precision ball bearing swivel mechanism, ensuring smooth rotational movement and long-term reliability. The wheel assembly comprises a polyamide body fitted with injected polyurethane tread material that provides electric-conductive properties, supported by sealed precision ball bearings for optimal performance. The wheel diameter measures 150 mm, contributing to an overall height of 175 mm. Load specifications include dynamic capacity of 150 kg at speeds of 3-4 km/h and static load capacity of 300 kg. This castor is washable according to AK-BWA standards, making it suitable for hygienic environments.
Integral twin
The Integral Twin is a swivel castor designed for demanding applications requiring reliable mobility and precise manoeuvrability. The castor features a solid stem, round fitting configuration, with specific requirements that washable beds must be sealed in the fitting area by the hospital bed manufacturer to ensure proper hygiene standards. The housing construction utilises medium-grade steel sheet material, incorporating precision ball bearings in the swivel mechanism to deliver smooth, consistent rotation under operational loads. The wheel assembly comprises a polyamide body fitted with injected polyurethane tread material that provides electric-conductive properties, essential for static discharge in sensitive environments. The wheel incorporates sealed precision ball bearings for extended service life and measures 150 mm in diameter. The complete castor assembly has an overall height of 175 mm. Load specifications include dynamic capacity of 150 kg at speeds of 3 km/h and 150 kg at 4 km/h, with static load capacity rated at 300 kg. The unit is washable according to AK-BWA standards.
Integral twin
The Integral twin is a swivel castor with central, total or directional lock designed for professional applications. The fitting features a stem with cam hole for profile bars, with the critical requirement that washable beds must be sealed in the fitting area by the hospital bed manufacturer. The housing is constructed from medium-grade steel sheet and incorporates a precision ball bearing swivel mechanism for smooth operation. The wheel assembly consists of a polyamide body with injected polyurethane tread that provides electric-conductive properties, supported by sealed precision ball bearings for reliable performance. The wheel diameter measures 100 mm with an overall height of 129 mm. Load specifications include dynamic capacity of 125 kg at speeds of 3 km/h and 125 kg at 4 km/h, with a static load capacity of 250 kg. The castor is washable according to AK-BWA standards, making it suitable for healthcare environments requiring stringent hygiene protocols.
Integral twin
The Integral twin is a swivel castor with central, total or directional lock designed for professional applications. The fitting features a stem with cam hole for profile bars in short version configuration, with the critical requirement that washable beds must be sealed in the fitting area by the hospital bed manufacturer. The housing is constructed from medium-grade steel sheet and incorporates precision ball bearing technology for the swivel bearing mechanism. The wheel assembly comprises a polyamide body with injected polyurethane tread material that provides electric-conductive properties, supported by sealed precision ball bearings. The wheel diameter measures 125 mm, whilst the overall height dimension is 150 mm. Load specifications include dynamic capacity of 125 kg at speeds of 3 km/h and 4 km/h respectively, with static load capacity rated at 250 kg. The castor is washable according to AK-BWA standards, ensuring compliance with healthcare industry hygiene requirements.
Integral twin
The Integral twin is a swivel castor with central, total lock designed for demanding applications. The fitting features a stem with cam hole for profile bars, with the critical requirement that washable beds must be sealed in the fitting area by the hospital bed manufacturer to ensure proper hygiene standards. The housing is constructed from medium-grade steel sheet and incorporates precision ball bearings for the swivel mechanism, ensuring smooth rotation and long service life. The wheel assembly comprises a polyamide body with an injected polyurethane tread that provides electric-conductive properties, mounted on sealed precision ball bearings for reliable operation. The wheel diameter measures 100 mm, whilst the overall height of the complete castor assembly is 129 mm. Load specifications include a dynamic capacity of 125 kg at speeds of 3 km/h and 4 km/h respectively, with a static load capacity of 250 kg. The unit is washable according to AK-BWA standards, making it suitable for medical and hygiene-critical environments.
Integral twin
The Integral twin is a swivel castor with central, total lock designed for demanding applications. The fitting features a stem with cam hole for profile bars in short version configuration, with the critical requirement that washable beds must be sealed in the fitting area by the hospital bed manufacturer. The housing construction utilises medium-grade steel sheet with precision ball bearing swivel mechanism for smooth operation. The wheel assembly comprises a polyamide body fitted with injected polyurethane tread that provides electric-conductive properties, supported by sealed precision ball bearings. The wheel diameter measures 125 mm with an overall castor height of 150 mm. Load specifications include dynamic capacity of 125 kg at speeds of 3-4 km/h and static load capacity of 250 kg. This castor is washable according to AK-BWA standards, making it suitable for medical and hygiene-critical environments.
Integral twin
The Integral twin is a swivel castor with central, total or directional lock, featuring a stem with cam hole for profile bars fitting where washable beds must be sealed in the fitting area by the hospital bed manufacturer. The housing is constructed from medium steel sheet and incorporates a precision ball bearing swivel bearing for smooth operation. The wheel comprises a polyamide body with polyurethane, injected, electric-conductive tread material and precision ball bearing, sealed for reliable performance, with a diameter of 150 mm. The castor has an overall height of 175 mm and offers exceptional load capacity with dynamic ratings of 150 kg at 3 km/h and 150 kg at 4 km/h, plus a static load capacity of 450 kg. This versatile castor is designed for demanding medical applications including anaesthesia carts, C-arms, CT scanners, MRI, X-ray equipment, care beds, hospital beds, hospitals, nursing and retirement homes, surgery robots, surgery tables, and ultrasound equipment.
Integral twin
The Integral twin is a swivel castor with central, total lock designed for demanding medical applications. It features a stem with cam hole for profile bars fitting system, with the important requirement that washable beds must be sealed in the fitting area by the hospital bed manufacturer. The housing is constructed from medium steel sheet and incorporates a precision ball bearing swivel bearing for smooth operation. The wheel comprises a polyamide body with polyurethane, injected, electric-conductive tread material, supported by sealed precision ball bearings for reliable performance. With a 150mm diameter wheel, the castor has an overall height of 175mm. Load capacity specifications include dynamic loads of 150kg at 3km/h and 150kg at 4km/h, with a static load capacity of 450kg, making it suitable for anesthesia carts, C-arms, CT scanners, MRI, X-ray equipment, care beds, hospital beds, surgery robots, surgery tables, and ultrasound devices across hospitals and nursing facilities.
Frequently Asked Questions
Advantages of Electrically Conductive Castors
Electrically conductive castors are designed to safely channel static electricity away from equipment and discharge it to the ground, protecting sensitive electronics, measuring devices, and other components from electrostatic discharge damage. Unlike antistatic castors, which only reduce the build-up of static charges, electrically conductive castors provide a defined, low-resistance path for electricity, ensuring reliable protection in critical environments. TENTE electrically conductive solutions combine this essential electrostatic discharge protection with smooth rolling performance, long-lasting materials, and precision engineering - making them indispensable wherever equipment mobility meets the need for static control.
TENTE electrically conductive castors offer various benefits:
Reliable Electrostatic Discharge Protection – They provide a controlled, low-resistance path for static electricity, ensuring it is safely dissipated to ground and preventing damage to sensitive electronics.
Improved Workplace Safety – Our electronically conductive castors safeguard the application operators from electrostatic shocks.
Cost Saving - Improper electrostatic discharge protection can result in high consequential costs for the entire production process. In the worst case, it can also lead to massive failures of electronic components such as control units, resulting in recalls!
Consistent Conductivity Over Time – The wheels used in our conductive castors are manufactured with integrated conductive compounds rather than surface coatings, ensuring the electrical path remains stable throughout the castors’ service life.
Types of Electrically Conductive Castors
Electrically conductive castors come in a variety of designs, each tailored to specific performance needs and environmental requirements. While they all share the ability to provide a safe, low-resistance path for static electricity, their materials, load capacities, and mobility features vary to suit different applications. Before we can explore different configurations of conductive castors, we must point out different degrees of electrostatic discharge protection in our products.
Conductive Castors
Conductive castors ensure moderate electrostatic discharge protection. These castors achieve an electrical resistance of less than or equal to 10 kiloohms (104 ohms). Therefore, they are only suitable to a limited extent within sensitive environments like the automotive industry. They should only be used for the transport of electronic components that feature a low level of sensitivity. Conductive castors are tested according to the DIN EN 12530 standard. Any castor that meets these standards is labelled with a yellow mark on the wheel or a yellow housing component - such as a yellow covering cap or yellow clips.
Discharging Castors
Discharging castors – also referred to as ESD castors - provide ideal electrostatic discharge protection for sensitive devices. Their electrical resistance ranges from 10 kiloohms (104 ohms) to 1 gigaohm (109 ohms). Voltage peaks may be a hazard for sensitive electronic devices. By means of our ESD castors, these peaks are discharged in a controlled manner by their own internal resistance. Castors using wheels that fulfill these conditions, are marked with the symbol for ESD protection on the wheel. These castors are suitable for moving sensitive electronic devices within the EPA (electrostatic protection area) in accordance with IEC 61340 standards. Our discharging (ESD) castors are certified by ESD-AKADEMIE – Germany's leading electrostatic discharge specialist in Großmaischeid. This ensures that they can be used confidently in regulated environments such as electronics manufacturing, cleanrooms, and healthcare facilities without risk of non-compliance.
Our discharging castors are frequently installed within an application beyond our control. Consequently, all aspects of the application must be tested to ensure complete electrostatic discharge (ESD) protection. Accordingly, the manufacturer of the particular application needs to inspect the entire system according to the ESD regulations prior to delivery.
Below, we explore commonly chosen types of conductive castors available, highlighting their key benefits and typical application areas.
Electrically Conductive Swivel Castors
Designed for maximum manoeuvrability, conductive swivel castors combine electrostatic discharge safety with fully rotational swivel housings to allow for directional changes even in confined spaces. TENTE electrically conductive swivel castors are available in a variety of configurations, different sizes, and load capacities. Our smallest conductive swivel castor - Lumina – impresses with an overall height of just 54 mm. Available with either a bolt hole or stem fitting, our conductive Lumina is capable of handling loads of up to 40 kg per castor. Another example is our Alpha series, featuring either a steel or stainless steel housing. It is available with wheel diameters between 80 mm and 200 mm, can be fitted with a locking mechanism, and depending on the configuration offers a load capacity of up to 400 kg per castor. Alpha stainless – featuring a stainless steel housing - is commonly used for professional cleaning carts or machinery and workshop equipment.
Heavy Duty Electrically Conductive Castors
When high load capacity meets the need for static control, heavy duty conductive castors deliver both. Robust housings and wheel materials ensure safe performance under heavy weights. One example is our Kappa, featuring a welded solid steel housing it can be combined with either an elastic rubber, a cast polyurethane or a polyamide wheel. Our Kappa series offers, quick maintenance - as its swivel bearings are lubricated with long-life grease and fitted with grease dispenser for easy maintenance – and, is suitable for transporting sensitive electronic cargo. Depending on the configuration, these castors can handle loads of up to 1.200 kg.
Conductive Rubber Castors
Conductive rubber castors offer quiet operation, vibration damping, non-marking movement and secure static dissipation. Some TENTE castors are available with our Elastech plus rubber wheels, which excel with outstanding manoeuvrability and mobility due to the high-performance tread material. Conductive rubber castors are especially suitable for environments – like hospitals - where protecting sensitive electronics is just as important as ensuring a quite and comfortable working or patient environment.
Fields of Application for Electrically Conductive Castors
Electrically conductive castors are essential wherever mobile equipment must be protected from electrostatic discharge. It must be pointed out again, that not all fields of application have the same requirements for electrostatic discharge protection. Depending on the environment you are working in, conductive castors might be enough, while in other fields of application discharging castors which comply with the DIN EN 61340 standard might be needed. Our electrically conductive castors should only be used for the transport of electronic components that feature a low level of sensitivity, while our discharging castors are suitable for more sensitive application cases.
Many industries work with sensitive technology requiring electrical conductivity. The automotive industry and electrical industry are two such areas that benefit from discharging castors. In electronics production, discharging castors are a key component in maintaining electrostatic discharge protected areas, safeguarding both the manufacturing process and the finished components. Uncontrolled electrostatic discharges can cause total damage to electronic components (semiconductors) as well as hidden defects that can generate high costs. These castors are equally valuable in cleanroom technology, where static control supports strict environmental requirements, and in pharmaceutical production, where protecting electronic monitoring and control systems is just as critical as maintaining hygiene standards. However, discharging castors are also essential in businesses with a risk of explosion. These include pyrotechnic factories, mineral oil factories and chemical plants. Here, electrostatic charges can not only have severe consequences for the equipment but can also be dangerous for people.